air pollution control

CARBON DIOXIDE

(qualitative answers, specific answers)
greenhouse gas, climate changes, glacial melting
conc increased after industrial revolution (mid 18th)

  • 2⁰ C change: READ
    Quote

    threshold that could lead to cacascading effects in global warming.

arresting CO2 emissions
carbon credits
afforestation
200ppm naturesCO2 cycle

☆ geological activities in prehistoric era

high levels: heat and electricity (42-43% generation)
transportations, industry.
hydrocarbon economy
greenhouse gas effect

co2 industries fermentation, petrochemical, power, cement, natural gas, iron and steel industry.
co2 reduces calorific values and causes corrosion
co2 capture in hydrogen: ourification
ammonia: co2 poisons the catalyst

CO2 SOLUTIONS

ccs, ccu
avoiding co2 emissions (imooosible)
find co2% for gas streams of vrious processes

CCS

  • how does ccs in power sector look like (CEP June 2016,52)
  • ocean sgorage- increases bod, acidity of water (limited)
    oil wells/ gas wells
    geological storage
    saline aquifers- salts to wbsorb CO2

limitations: expensive; temprorary; doesnot add value; dangerous leaks may lead to aphyxation (1986 incident)
powerplants in india, based on coal or gas
electrostatic precipitator
after particulate remival NOx removal (SCR)

absorption solvents- alkyloamines
adsorbents-CA(OH)2, clay
ONKY 37 CCS PLANTS
(regeneration is costly, heat exchange is exp)

post combustion co2 capture

scrubber, adsoption
post, pre combustion cc

different ways to utilise carbon dioxide

10 ways, read more

absorption

basf alkylamine
chemical- low partial pressures
NaOH regen is s problem asw as corrosive
water- co2 removal from biogas

rectisol

amine based solvents for absorption

basf process

when is co current used and when is counter current used
design of venturi scrubber
absorption tower design

examples of reactive absorption-

h2s(rotten egg),mercaptans, carbonyl sulphide

h2s isnt greenhouse, however its fucking poisonous.
5 ppm in pterol
h2s converted to sulphur (claus process)
tert amines- h2s, pri and sec-co2
h2s is formed usually during hydrotreating (refineries)

SOx

bad pollutant
affects respiratory diseases
sulphuric acid plant- so2 200 ppm max as tail gas
FGD
so2 wet fgd explanation
lime spray drying
sox r3moval in h2so4 plants

nox

greenhouse gas, acid rains
power plants, hno3, fertillisers.
volatile organic compounds-incomplete combustion in refinery
automibile 3xhsusts- nox, co, voc

scr-NOx

  • psa- carbon,zeolite,silica
  • other pollutants removed by co2

oxidation gets rid of CO, VOCs, HCs

  • oxidation catalysts
    eg of HAPs VOCs, Polycyclic aromatics, pesticides, Ar, Pb, Hg.
    particulate matter- refinery, cement, fertillizers
  • esp
  • how is sludge treated in a spray chamber(solid waste lol)
  • BM 2.5 : dust particle size
  • esp dig

compare diff options of treating particulate matterv(tabular)

transport & dispersion of air pollution

metereology
stacks
turbulence of wind
plume behaviour
atmospheric stability- turbulence,